Public finances

• A salary of £32,100 pays £5,468 in income tax and National Insurance in 2026-27 Income tax and employee National Insurance on a salary in the 2026-27 tax year, and how that money splits across public spending, in the same proportions as all UK public spending on services in 2025-26.
• A full-time worker on typical pay of £39,863 paid 19.2% of it in income tax and National Insurance in 2025-26 The share of pay taken by income tax and National Insurance, 1990-91 to 2025-26, for full-time workers on typical pay that year, half of it and twice it. Tax rules for England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Per cent.
• Debt interest cost 8.8p for every £1 the government raised in 2025-26 Central government debt interest as a share of total public sector receipts, UK, 1948-49 to 2030-31. Shown as pence per £1 raised.
• Public spending on services was £1,228bn in 2025-26 What public spending on services went on, by function and sub-function, UK. Box area is proportional to spending. Cash terms, not adjusted for inflation.
• Income tax made up 26.7p of every £1 the public sector raised in 2025-26 Where each £1 of UK public sector receipts comes from, 1999-00 to 2030-31. Taxes are stacked from the bottom; income from assets, which is not a tax, is shown in grey at the top.
• The top 1% of income tax payers paid 27.2% of all income tax in 2023-24 Income tax payers in the UK, grouped by their total income before tax: each group's share of taxpayers, of income and of income tax paid. Percentages, 1999-00 to 2026-27. People who pay no income tax are not included.
• The government spent 44.5% of GDP and raised 40.1% in 2025-26 Total public spending and total receipts as a share of GDP, UK, 1900-01 to 2030-31. The gap between them is borrowing.
• Social protection and health were the largest areas of public spending in 2025-26 Public sector spending on services by function, UK, 2003-04 to 2025-26. Adjusted for inflation to 2025-26 prices.
• Public sector net debt was 93.3% of GDP in 2025-26 Public sector net debt as a share of GDP, UK, 1900-01 to 2030-31.
• Spending on debt interest rose by £79bn after inflation between 2020-21 and 2025-26, more than any other area UK government spending on each area at the start of the period, and how much it changed by the end. £ billion in 2025-26 prices, so all years allow for inflation.